{"id":690,"date":"2023-02-01T10:59:13","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T09:59:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/?page_id=690"},"modified":"2024-02-15T09:34:51","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T08:34:51","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/de\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Forschung"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"690\" class=\"elementor elementor-690\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ed5e9d3 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"ed5e9d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:332,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.pari-geisa.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/11\\\/PARI_Grenze-Point-Alpha_Bild-Bernd-Vogler.png&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:7500,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:1000,&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-246fe4c\" data-id=\"246fe4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eb37686 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eb37686\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e1e6e\" data-id=\"29e1e6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-444652c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"444652c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01fd1db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01fd1db\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6cf3c6\" data-id=\"b6cf3c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5fd4099 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5fd4099\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8914aa\" data-id=\"c8914aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a56070f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a56070f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research Fields<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3379c56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3379c56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Point Alpha Research Institute (PARI) is located in Geisa, Thuringia, at the former Inner German border that both divided East Germany and West Germany and manifested the systemic confrontation between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, separating the Soviet and Western blocs.<\/p><p>Activities also take place at the universities of Fulda and Erfurt, which are cooperation partners of PARI.<\/p><p>PARI\u2019s name originates from its historical location at the Observation Post Alpha (Point Alpha), which was strategically important during the Cold War. Because of the area\u2019s specific geography and topographic characteristics as lowlands, it would have allowed Soviet tanks to invade the territory of West Germany. Therefore, the U.S. Army closely monitored the \u2018Fulda Gap\u2019, also considered as \u201cthe hottest point of the Cold War\u201d, from this observation post. Since the end of the Cold War, Point Alpha was converted into a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pointalpha.com\/gedenkstaette\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">memorial site<\/a> and a museum operated by the <a href=\"http:\/\/pointalpha.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Point Alpha Foundation<\/a>.<\/p><p>Linked to its location, historical significance, and international scope, three research threads intersect and intertwine at Point Alpha, illustrating the relevance for further research and multifaceted research dimensions. Therefore, PARI strives to facilitate dialogue, promote research, and contribute to ongoing public debates in three core fields across disciplinary boundaries:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6128d7 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e6128d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dot-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">the Cold War and its Implications for Today<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dot-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Border Studies<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-dot-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Democracy and the Global Order<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-beba449\" data-id=\"beba449\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3e09aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d3e09aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b1b517 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b1b517\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cff0d8a\" data-id=\"cff0d8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9db096 elementor-widget elementor-widget-bdt-accordion\" data-id=\"a9db096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"bdt-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"bdt-ep-accordion-a9db096\" class=\"bdt-ep-accordion bdt-accordion\" data-bdt-accordion=\"{&quot;collapsible&quot;:true,&quot;multiple&quot;:false,&quot;animation&quot;:true,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;ease-in-out&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:200}\" \t\tdata-settings=\"{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;bdt-ep-accordion-a9db096&quot;,&quot;activeHash&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;activeScrollspy&quot;:null,&quot;hashTopOffset&quot;:false,&quot;hashScrollspyTime&quot;:false,&quot;closeAllItemsOnMobile&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion-the-cold-war\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"0\" data-title=\"the-cold-war\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Cold War\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Situated at the threshold between the Western and Eastern Blocs, PARI was in part founded to remember and to research the history of the Cold War. Recent events have made this task even more important. Following the Russian war against Ukraine, the Cold War has experienced something of a revival \u2013 if not in actual politics, as some observers claim, then certainly as a historical reference point.<\/p><p>PARI studies the history of the Cold War both as a local and as a global conflict that divided not only Germany but also Europe and the world. It is interested in its political and military history \u2013 international relations, treaties, alliances, strategic planning \u2013 and their social and cultural repercussions as well as manifestations.<\/p><p>As an epochal projection, the Cold War serves as a canvas to pinpoint current crises and conflict areas that emphasize continuity and discontinuity during the transformations and co-transformations since the 1990s and beyond. Based on these premises, PARI aims to examine the ideological and geopolitical tensions during and beyond the Cold War. Yet, PARI intends to not merely study the Cold War along East-West binarities, but seeks to analyze it at a global scale taking its repercussions and today\u2019s implications into account as well.<\/p><p>Against this backdrop, PARI works on questions such as these:<\/p><p>To what extent does the Cold War\u00b4s legacy structurally and culturally continue affect today\u2019s world? To what extent has the global order transformed at the end of the Cold War and after? What were future expectations at the end of the Cold War? How did the Cold War play out on the ground and affected everyday lives? How were ideological and geopolitical tensions perceived beyond? How were global and local conflicts entangled with one another? How do they continue to inform politics and lives in the region, in Germany and Europe today? How has the perception of the Cold War changed since it ended? What were and still are spheres of influence? What constitutes a post-Cold War order and what can be considered as Cold War aftermath in our current world order? How can researchers frame the transformation processes that evolved since the end of the Cold War? And how can academic research take account of these changes and contribute to current debates?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion-border-studies\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"1\" data-title=\"border-studies\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBorder Studies\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PARI\u2019s location also determines its research into the functions and effects of borders. Borders, such as the one between West and East Germany, impede and restrict mobility. At the same time, no border is impermeable. In fact, the very existence of a separating wall could be seen as an injunction to break through it or to tear it down. Borders can rip communities apart, but they can also bring them together\u2014or lead to the emergence of new ones.<\/p><p>When East Germany erected the border to the West, this meant the loss of homes and income for many farmers in the region. It was felt as a gaping wound in the middle of Europe not only by people in Germany but worldwide. Today, the border is history for over three decades, and yet some argue it continues to exist in many minds.<\/p><p>If the 1990s saw a short-lived belief at the end of borders generally, the opposite seems to have occurred. What people living at the Inner German border experienced in the aftermath of the Second World War, countless people are experiencing today across the globe. While many nation-states are fortifying their external borders, divisions between classes and creeds are also going up within countries and cities.<\/p><p>Therefore, borders\u2014as a research field\u2014unveil a multitude of interpretive perspectives and approaches on local and international levels, such as a focal point of demarcation and distinction; as a mapping tool; with its symbolic meaning and attributions; in a mutual understanding creating a sense of belonging; in its artificial nature as a state border as well as in its strategic, geopolitical meaning; in the realm of (social) space and spatial order; and eventually as cultural, religious, and linguistic boundaries.<\/p><p>So, what does it mean to live close to a border connected to a global or regional conflict? How did border regimes manifest themselves? And how did the people living here navigate them? How are borders perceived on the two sides they divide? What remains of a border after it has lost its function? Do mental borders remain when physical ones vanish or do they persist? How is the border and its history remembered in the region but also elsewhere? And, since the Iron Curtain has crumbled down, what can we learn from this history for our world today? These and similar questions PARI hopes to address in exchange with colleagues in other parts of the world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div\t\t\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"bdt-ep-accordion-title bdt-accordion-title bdt-flex bdt-flex-middle bdt-flex-between\" id=\"bdt-ep-accordion-democracy-in-the-global-order\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdata-accordion-index=\"2\" data-title=\"democracy-in-the-global-order\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon bdt-flex-align-right\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-closed\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-icon-opened\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fa-fw fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span role=\"heading\" class=\"bdt-ep-title-text bdt-flex-inline bdt-flex-middle\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDemocracy in the Global Order\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bdt-ep-accordion-content bdt-accordion-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After the end of the Cold War, many saw the liberal model of Western democracy as triumphant. At first, the waves of democratization in Eastern Europe in the 1990s and the Arab Spring in the 2010s seemed to bear out such judgments. However, problems, setbacks, and crackdowns soon ensued. Moreover, new challenges, such as the rise of right-wing populism, have engendered questions about the stability of established democracies.<\/p><p>The concept has recently been tested to the core; touches of democratic triumphalism have abated. Rather, intellectuals are thinking more about the various dangers that democracies are faced with and what can be done to safeguard democracies against such dangers.<\/p><p>Again, Germany is a case in point with the rise of movements undermining democracy in the name of democracy. A recent report has revealed that only 39 percent of East Germans and 59 percent of West Germans are satisfied with the state of democracy. At the same time, many seem to view democracy as something provided for them rather than something one needs to engage in.<\/p><p>So, what does democracy mean in different parts of Germany and the world? And how have its meanings changed and shifted over time? What effects do the European project and digitalization have on it? How do we research democracy? And can and should this research contribute to sustain democracy? These questions are at the core of this research field.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-12c2b3e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"12c2b3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-336d415\" data-id=\"336d415\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-96da8c0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"96da8c0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-44e60a8\" data-id=\"44e60a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05fcfd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"05fcfd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-33b951b\" data-id=\"33b951b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d8844 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"18d8844\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Point Alpha Research Institute e. V. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f682b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8f682b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Schlossplatz 1-2<br \/>36419 Geisa<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8268e0 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"a8268e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:info@pari-geisa.org\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-envelope\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">info@pari-geisa.org<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PointAlphaInst\/status\/1579735147590479872\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">@PointAlphaInst<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94908a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94908a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-600a26d\" data-id=\"600a26d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-10b5bc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10b5bc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-adb107e\" data-id=\"adb107e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5f0eff elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a5f0eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pointalpha.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Point-Alpha-Stiftung.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-347\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Point-Alpha-Stiftung.png 250w, https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Point-Alpha-Stiftung-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3490043\" data-id=\"3490043\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fef8cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1fef8cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hs-fulda.de\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Hochschule-Fulda.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-346\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Hochschule-Fulda.png 250w, https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Hochschule-Fulda-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b230db\" data-id=\"4b230db\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b89e078 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b89e078\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-erfurt.de\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Universitaet-Erfurt.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-349\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Universitaet-Erfurt.png 250w, https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Universitaet-Erfurt-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2cc5a29\" data-id=\"2cc5a29\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c65565 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0c65565\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stadt-geisa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Stadtwappen-Geisa.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-348\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Stadtwappen-Geisa.png 250w, https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PARI_Logos_Stadtwappen-Geisa-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Research Research Fields Point Alpha Research Institute (PARI) is located in Geisa, Thuringia, at the former Inner German border that both divided East Germany and West Germany and manifested the systemic confrontation between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, separating the Soviet and Western blocs. Activities also take place at the universities of Fulda and Erfurt, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-690","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Research - Point Alpha Institut<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pari-geisa.org\/de\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research - Point Alpha Institut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research Research Fields Point Alpha Research Institute (PARI) is located in Geisa, Thuringia, at the former Inner German border that both divided East Germany and West Germany and manifested the systemic confrontation between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, separating the Soviet and Western blocs. 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